J Clin Gynecol Obstet

Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics, ISSN 1927-1271 print, 1927-128X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Gynecol Obstet and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jcgo.org

Original Article

Volume 10, Number 3, September 2021, pages 59-66

A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Abdominal Electrical Muscle Stimulation on Abdominal Wall Restoration in Postpartum Women

**Table 1.** Demographics of Patients
	Group A (EMS group, n = 28)	Group B (control group, n = 23)
EMS: electrical muscle stimulation; BMI: body mass index.
Age	29.65	29.22
BMI	27.62	27.76

Table 1. Demographics of Patients

Group A (EMS group, n = 28)

Group B (control group, n = 23)

EMS: electrical muscle stimulation; BMI: body mass index.

Age

29.65

29.22

BMI

27.62

27.76

**Table 2.** IRD Ultrasound Measurements
Comparison	Control (mean ± SD)	Treatment (mean ± SD)	Difference	F	P
IRD: inter-rectal distance; SD: standard deviation.
Base to 1-month follow-up	0.32 ± 0.45	0.47 ± 0.60	0.15	1.03	0.31
Base to 3-month follow-up	0.31 ± 0.57	0.63 ± 0.67	0.32	3.74	0.06
Base to 6-month follow-up	0.37 ± 0.55	0.63 ± 0.71	0.26	1.90	0.18

Table 2. IRD Ultrasound Measurements

Comparison

Control (mean ± SD)

Treatment (mean ± SD)

Difference

IRD: inter-rectal distance; SD: standard deviation.

Base to 1-month follow-up

0.32 ± 0.45

0.47 ± 0.60

0.15

1.03

0.31

Base to 3-month follow-up

0.31 ± 0.57

0.63 ± 0.67

0.32

3.74

0.06

Base to 6-month follow-up

0.37 ± 0.55

0.63 ± 0.71

0.26

1.90

0.18

**Table 3.** Investigator Improvement Assessment (1-, 3-, and 6-Month Follow-Ups)
Comparison	Control (mean ± SD)	Treatment (mean ± SD)	Difference	F	P
SD: standard deviation.
Base to 1-month follow-up	0.52 ± 0.67	1.60 ± 0.97	1.08	20.90	< 0.001
Base to 3-month follow-up	1.09 ± 0.79	2.22 ± 1.05	1.14	18.01	< 0.001
Base to 6-month follow-up	0.92 ± 1.04	2.25 ± 1.04	1.33	8.54	0.007

Table 3. Investigator Improvement Assessment (1-, 3-, and 6-Month Follow-Ups)

Comparison

Control (mean ± SD)

Treatment (mean ± SD)

Difference

SD: standard deviation.

Base to 1-month follow-up

0.52 ± 0.67

1.60 ± 0.97

1.08

20.90

< 0.001

Base to 3-month follow-up

1.09 ± 0.79

2.22 ± 1.05

1.14

18.01

< 0.001

Base to 6-month follow-up

0.92 ± 1.04

2.25 ± 1.04

1.33

8.54

0.007

**Table 4.** Subject Improvement Assessment (1-, 3-, and 6-Month Follow-Ups)
Comparison	Control (mean ± SD)	Treatment (mean ± SD)	Difference	F	P
SD: standard deviation.
Base to 1-month follow-up	0.96 ± 1.22	1.64 ± 1.25	0.69	3.89	0.06
Base to 3-month follow-up	1.32 ± 1.46	1.52 ± 1.19	0.20	0.27	0.61
Base to 6-month follow-up	1.25 ± 1.55	1.79 ± 1.32	0.54	1.57	0.22

Table 4. Subject Improvement Assessment (1-, 3-, and 6-Month Follow-Ups)

Comparison

Control (mean ± SD)

Treatment (mean ± SD)

Difference

SD: standard deviation.

Base to 1-month follow-up

0.96 ± 1.22

1.64 ± 1.25

0.69

3.89

0.06

Base to 3-month follow-up

1.32 ± 1.46

1.52 ± 1.19

0.20

0.27

0.61

Base to 6-month follow-up

1.25 ± 1.55

1.79 ± 1.32

0.54

1.57

0.22

**Table 5.** PFDI Subscales 1 - 3 (1-, 3-, and 6-Month Follow-Ups)
Comparison	Control (mean ± SD)	Treatment (mean ± SD)	Difference	F	P
PFDI: Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory; SD: standard deviation.
Subscale 1 (1-month)	0.54 ± 0.74	0.18 ± 0.36	0.36	5.11	0.03
Subscale 2 (1-month)	0.59 ± 0.73	0.17 ± 0.26	0.42	7.90	< 0.01
Subscale 3 (1-month)	0.81 ± 0.84	0.41 ± 0.63	0.40	3.71	0.06
Subscale 1 (3-month)	0.39 ± 0.57	0.18 ± 0.35	0.21	2.60	0.12
Subscale 2 (3-month)	0.42 ± 0.71	0.16 ± 0.27	0.26	2.84	< 0.10
Subscale 3 (3-month)	0.59 ± 0.77	0.51 ± 0.62	0.07	0.14	0.73
Subscale 1 (6-month)	0.27 ± 0.47	0.16 ± 0.35	0.11	0.81	0.37
Subscale 2 (6-month)	0.37 ± 0.61	0.14 ± 0.27	0.23	2.93	< 0.10
Subscale 3 (6-month)	0.60 ± 0.67	0.38 ± 0.52	0.23	1.67	0.20

Table 5. PFDI Subscales 1 - 3 (1-, 3-, and 6-Month Follow-Ups)

Comparison

Control (mean ± SD)

Treatment (mean ± SD)

Difference

PFDI: Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory; SD: standard deviation.

Subscale 1 (1-month)

0.54 ± 0.74

0.18 ± 0.36

0.36

5.11

0.03

Subscale 2 (1-month)

0.59 ± 0.73

0.17 ± 0.26

0.42

7.90

< 0.01

Subscale 3 (1-month)

0.81 ± 0.84

0.41 ± 0.63

0.40

3.71

0.06

Subscale 1 (3-month)

0.39 ± 0.57

0.18 ± 0.35

0.21

2.60

0.12

Subscale 2 (3-month)

0.42 ± 0.71

0.16 ± 0.27

0.26

2.84

< 0.10

Subscale 3 (3-month)

0.59 ± 0.77

0.51 ± 0.62

0.07

0.14

0.73

Subscale 1 (6-month)

0.27 ± 0.47

0.16 ± 0.35

0.11

0.81

0.37

Subscale 2 (6-month)

0.37 ± 0.61

0.14 ± 0.27

0.23

2.93

< 0.10

Subscale 3 (6-month)

0.60 ± 0.67

0.38 ± 0.52

0.23

1.67

0.20