| Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics, ISSN 1927-1271 print, 1927-128X online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Gynecol Obstet and Elmer Press Inc |
| Journal website http://www.jcgo.org |
Original Article
Volume 2, Number 1, June 2013, pages 15-19
Obstetric Factors Associated With Exclusive Breastfeeding in Japanese Women Who Expected Exclusive Breastfeeding Before Delivery at Term
Tables
| Exclusive breastfeeding | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | P-value | Crude OR (95% CI) | |
| Data are presented as number (%). OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. | ||||
| Total | 347 | 253 | ||
| Maternal age at delivery (years) | ||||
| - 34 | 211 (61) | 163 (65) | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| 35 - | 136 (39) | 90 (35) | 0.36 | 1.17 (0.83 - 1.6) |
| Parity | ||||
| 0 | 154 (44) | 136 (54) | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| 1 - | 193 (56) | 117 (46) | 0.02 | 1.46 (1.1 - 2.0) |
| Hypertensive disorders | ||||
| No | 331 (95) | 246 (97) | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 16 (5) | 7 (3) | 0.25 | 1.70 (0.69 - 4.2) |
| Oxytocin use | ||||
| No | 241 (69) | 161 (64) | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 106 (31) | 98 (36) | 0.06 | 0.72 (0.51 - 1.0) |
| Delivery mode | ||||
| Normal vaginal delivery | 223 (65) | 181 (72) | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| Vacuum/forceps/breech delivery | 23 (6) | 21 (8) | 0.71 | 0.89 (0.48 - 1.1) |
| Cesarean delivery | 101 (29) | 51 (20) | 0.02 | 1.61 (1.1 - 2.4) |
| Neonatal birth weight (g) | ||||
| - 2,499 | 23 (7) | 24 (9) | 0.11 | 0.61 (0.33 - 1.1) |
| 2,500 - 3,499 | 293 (84) | 186 (74) | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| 3,500 - | 31 (9) | 43 (17) | < 0.01 | 0.46 (0.28 - 0.75) |
| Neonatal asphyxia | ||||
| No | 344 (99) | 245 (97) | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 3 (1) | 8 (3) | 0.04 | 0.27 (0.07 - 1.0) |
| Neonatal respitratory disorders | ||||
| No | 340 (98) | 242 (96) | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 7 (2) | 11 (4) | 0.09 | 0.45 (0.17 - 1.2) |
| Early skin-to-skin contact | ||||
| (total) | ||||
| No | 154 (44) | 116 (46) | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 193 (56) | 137 (54) | 0.72 | 1.06 (0.77 - 1.5) |
| (vaginal deliveries only) | ||||
| No | 53 (22) | 65 (31) | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 193 (78) | 137 (69) | 0.01 | 1.73 (1.1 - 2.6) |
| Neonatal care unit admission | ||||
| No | 332 (96) | 233 (92) | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 15 (4) | 20 (8) | 0.37 | 0.72 (0.35 - 1.5) |
| Maternal blood loss | ||||
| < 1,000 mL | 288 (83) | 224 (89) | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| ≥ 1,000 mL | 59 (17) | 29 (11) | 0.06 | 1.58 (0.98 - 2.6) |
| P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. | ||
| Parity | ||
| 0 | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| 1 - | 0.11 | 1.31 (0.94 - 1.8) |
| Delivery mode | ||
| Normal vaginal delivery | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| Cesarean delivery | 0.21 | 1.29 (0.86 - 1.93) |
| Birth weight (g) | ||
| 2,500 - 3,499 | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| 3,500 - | 0.03 | 0.59 (0.37 - 0.94) |
| Neonatal asphyxia | ||
| No | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 0.08 | 0.36 (0.11 - 1.2) |
| Early skin-to-skin contact | ||
| (vaginal deliveries only) | ||
| No | - | 1.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 0.046 | 1.54 (1.0 - 2.4) |