J Clin Gynecol Obstet

Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics, ISSN 1927-1271 print, 1927-128X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Gynecol Obstet and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jcgo.org

Original Article

Volume 11, Number 2, June 2022, pages 27-32

Disparities in Post Cesarean Section Pain Management

Figure 1. Differences in pain assessment and medications by primary language. OTE: oxycodone therapeutic equivalent; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Figure 2. Differences in pain assessment and medications by race and ethnicity. OTE: oxycodone therapeutic equivalent; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

**Table 1.** Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
	All (N = 327)	Non-Hispanic white (N = 111)	Non-Hispanic black (N = 32)	Asian/other (N = 59)	Hispanic (N = 125)	P-value
Data are reported at mean ± standard deviation in lines 1 - 3 for continuous variables. Data are reported as frequency (percentage) in lines 4 - 10 for discrete variables. BMI: body mass index.
Age (years)	31.8 ± 5.9	32.8 ± 4.9	31.3 ± 6.3	32.6 ± 5.5	30.6 ± 6.6	< 0.05
BMI (kg/m²)	33.0 ± 6.2	33.5 ± 6.2	34.6 ± 8.2	32.0 ± 5.9	32.6 ± 5.7	0.27
Gestational age (weeks)	38.8 ± 1.5	38.7 ± 1.5	38.9 ± 1.5	38.9 ± 1.5	38.9 ± 1.4	0.15
Nulliparous	126 (38.5)	50 (45.1)	15(46.8)	24 (40.7)	37 (29.6)	0.06
Prior cesarean	170 (52.0)	55 (49.5)	10 (31.3)	21 (50.0)	73 (58.4)	< 0.05
Married	201 (61.5)	86 (77.5)	10 (31.2)	32 (54.3)	60 (48.0)	< 0.05
Insurance type						< 0.05
Public	165 (50.5)	82 (73.9)	19 (59.4)	29 (23.2)	68 (78.2)
Private	162 (49.5)	29 (26.1)	13 (40.6)	96 (76.8)	19 (21.8)
Primary language						< 0.05
English	249 (76.1)	109 (98.2)	32 (100)	56 (94.9)	52 (41.6)
Spanish/other	78 (23.7)	2 (1.8)	0 (0)	3 (5.1)	73 (58.4)

Table 1. Demographics and Clinical Characteristics

All (N = 327)

Non-Hispanic white (N = 111)

Non-Hispanic black (N = 32)

Asian/other (N = 59)

Hispanic (N = 125)

P-value

Data are reported at mean ± standard deviation in lines 1 - 3 for continuous variables. Data are reported as frequency (percentage) in lines 4 - 10 for discrete variables. BMI: body mass index.

Age (years)

31.8 ± 5.9

32.8 ± 4.9

31.3 ± 6.3

32.6 ± 5.5

30.6 ± 6.6

< 0.05

BMI (kg/m²)

33.0 ± 6.2

33.5 ± 6.2

34.6 ± 8.2

32.0 ± 5.9

32.6 ± 5.7

0.27

Gestational age (weeks)

38.8 ± 1.5

38.7 ± 1.5

38.9 ± 1.5

38.9 ± 1.4

0.15

Nulliparous

126 (38.5)

50 (45.1)

15(46.8)

24 (40.7)

37 (29.6)

0.06

Prior cesarean

170 (52.0)

55 (49.5)

10 (31.3)

21 (50.0)

73 (58.4)

< 0.05

Married

201 (61.5)

86 (77.5)

10 (31.2)

32 (54.3)

60 (48.0)

< 0.05

Insurance type

< 0.05

Public

165 (50.5)

82 (73.9)

19 (59.4)

29 (23.2)

68 (78.2)

Private

162 (49.5)

29 (26.1)

13 (40.6)

96 (76.8)

19 (21.8)

Primary language

< 0.05

English

249 (76.1)

109 (98.2)

32 (100)

56 (94.9)

52 (41.6)

Spanish/other

78 (23.7)

2 (1.8)

0 (0)

3 (5.1)

73 (58.4)

**Table 2.** Pain Assessment, NSAID Dose, and OTE Dose by Race/Ethnicity and Primary Language
	Race and ethnicity	Primary language
Numbers in brackets () represent the interquartile range. OTE: oxycodone therapeutic equivalent; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PP: postpartum.
Number of pain assessments	11 (8 - 16)	11 (7 - 16)	11 (8 - 17)	10 (6 - 13)	< 0.05	11 (7 - 16)	10 (6 - 2)	< 0.05
Number of pain score > 7	3 (1 - 6)	3 (2 - 5)	2 (0 - 4)	2 (1 - 4)	0.05	2 (1 - 5)	2 (1 - 4)	0.39
NSAID doses 0-24 h PP	2 (1 - 3)	2 (1 - 3)	2 (1 - 3)	2 (1 - 4)	0.43	2 (1 - 3)	1 (0 - 2)	< 0.05
NSAID doses 25 - 48 h PP	3 (1 - 4)	1 (1 - 2)	3 (2 - 4)	2 (1 - 3)	< 0.05	3 (1 - 4)	2 (1 - 3)	< 0.05
OTE doses 0 - 24 h PP	3 (0 - 4)	3 (1 - 4)	2 (0 - 4)	2 (0 - 4)	0.32	2 (0 - 4)	2 (0 - 4)	0.33
OTE doses 25 - 48 h PP	4 (1 - 7)	5 (3 - 8)	3 (1 - 6)	2 (0 - 6)	< 0.05	4 (1 - 7)	2 (0 - 6)	< 0.05

Table 2. Pain Assessment, NSAID Dose, and OTE Dose by Race/Ethnicity and Primary Language

Race and ethnicity

Primary language

Non-Hispanic white

Non-Hispanic black

Asian/other

Hispanic

P-value

English

Spanish/other

P-value

Numbers in brackets () represent the interquartile range. OTE: oxycodone therapeutic equivalent; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PP: postpartum.

Number of pain assessments

11 (8 - 16)

11 (7 - 16)

11 (8 - 17)

10 (6 - 13)

< 0.05

11 (7 - 16)

10 (6 - 2)

< 0.05

Number of pain score > 7

3 (1 - 6)

3 (2 - 5)

2 (0 - 4)

2 (1 - 4)

0.05

2 (1 - 5)

2 (1 - 4)

0.39

NSAID doses 0-24 h PP

2 (1 - 3)

2 (1 - 4)

0.43

2 (1 - 3)

1 (0 - 2)

< 0.05

NSAID doses 25 - 48 h PP

3 (1 - 4)

1 (1 - 2)

3 (2 - 4)

2 (1 - 3)

< 0.05

3 (1 - 4)

2 (1 - 3)

< 0.05

OTE doses 0 - 24 h PP

3 (0 - 4)

3 (1 - 4)

2 (0 - 4)

0.32

2 (0 - 4)

0.33

OTE doses 25 - 48 h PP

4 (1 - 7)

5 (3 - 8)

3 (1 - 6)

2 (0 - 6)

< 0.05

4 (1 - 7)

2 (0 - 6)

< 0.05