J Clin Gynecol Obstet

Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics, ISSN 1927-1271 print, 1927-128X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Gynecol Obstet and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jcgo.org

Original Article

Volume 11, Number 2, June 2022, pages 33-38

Risk Factors for Intrapartum Fever of Infectious Origin and Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity

**Table 1.** Maternal and Neonatal Demographic Data of Women Who Developed Intrapartum Fever During 2017 - 2018
	Intrapartum fever (n = 203), mean/n (± SD/%)
GBS: group B streptococcus; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; PROM: premature rupture of membranes; SD: standard deviation.
Maternal age (years)	32.76 (± 4.9)
Gestational age (weeks)	40 + 1 (± 1.2)
Nulliparity	167 (82.3)
Previous cesarean section	34 (15.9)
Induction of labor	116 (57.1)
Internal catheter	48 (23.6)
Time from PROM to delivery (minutes)	1,096.7 (± 740.2)
Time from PROM to fever (minutes)	877.5 (± 704.1)
Time from fever to delivery (minutes)	211.4 (± 226.9)
Vaginal examination	7.3 (± 4)
Normal delivery	79 (38.9)
Instrumental delivery	68 (33.5)
Cesarean section	56 (27.6)
Epidural analgesia	202 (99.5)
Positive GBS	34 (16.7)
Positive urine culture	6 (3)
Positive blood culture	15 (7.4)
Positive placental culture	76 (37.4)
Pathological placenta in histologic study	127 (62.6)
NICU admission	6 (3)
Apgar first minute	8 (± 1.2)
Apgar fifth minute	10 (± 0.8)
Umbilical artery cord pH	7.2 (± 0.1)
Neonatal positive culture	3 (2.7)

Table 1. Maternal and Neonatal Demographic Data of Women Who Developed Intrapartum Fever During 2017 - 2018

Intrapartum fever (n = 203), mean/n (± SD/%)

GBS: group B streptococcus; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; PROM: premature rupture of membranes; SD: standard deviation.

Maternal age (years)

32.76 (± 4.9)

Gestational age (weeks)

40 + 1 (± 1.2)

Nulliparity

167 (82.3)

Previous cesarean section

34 (15.9)

Induction of labor

116 (57.1)

Internal catheter

48 (23.6)

Time from PROM to delivery (minutes)

1,096.7 (± 740.2)

Time from PROM to fever (minutes)

877.5 (± 704.1)

Time from fever to delivery (minutes)

211.4 (± 226.9)

Vaginal examination

7.3 (± 4)

Normal delivery

79 (38.9)

Instrumental delivery

68 (33.5)

Cesarean section

56 (27.6)

Epidural analgesia

202 (99.5)

Positive GBS

34 (16.7)

Positive urine culture

6 (3)

Positive blood culture

15 (7.4)

Positive placental culture

76 (37.4)

Pathological placenta in histologic study

127 (62.6)

NICU admission

6 (3)

Apgar first minute

8 (± 1.2)

Apgar fifth minute

10 (± 0.8)

Umbilical artery cord pH

7.2 (± 0.1)

Neonatal positive culture

3 (2.7)

**Table 2.** Risk Factors for Maternal Infectious Intrapartum Fever
	Infectious intrapartum fever (n = 150), n (%)	P value	OR (95% CI)
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; GBS: group B streptococcus.
Age > 32 years	53 (35.3)	0.008	3.07 (1.35 - 7)
Gestational age > 40 weeks	42 (28.0)	0.574	0.82 (0.42 - 1.62)
Nulliparity	122 (81.3)	0.558	1.29 (0.55 - 3.04)
Previous cesarean section	26 (17.3)	0.707	1.18 (0.5 - 2.8)
Induction of labor	84 (59.6)	0.233	1.47 (0.78 - 2.79)
Epidural analgesia	149 (99.3)	0.551
Internal catheter	35 (23.3)	0.860	1.42 (0.74 - 2.72)
Positive GBS	25 (16.9)	0.902	0.95 (0.41 - 2.19)
Fetal tachycardia	72 (48)	0.895	0.96 (0.51 - 1.79)
Vaginal examination > 7	59 (39.9)	0.245	0.69 (0.37 - 1.29)
Fever to delivery duration > 6 h	27 (18.1)	0.011	6.11 (1.35 - 27.62)

Table 2. Risk Factors for Maternal Infectious Intrapartum Fever

Infectious intrapartum fever (n = 150), n (%)

P value

OR (95% CI)

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; GBS: group B streptococcus.

Age > 32 years

53 (35.3)

0.008

3.07 (1.35 - 7)

Gestational age > 40 weeks

42 (28.0)

0.574

0.82 (0.42 - 1.62)

Nulliparity

122 (81.3)

0.558

1.29 (0.55 - 3.04)

Previous cesarean section

26 (17.3)

0.707

1.18 (0.5 - 2.8)

Induction of labor

84 (59.6)

0.233

1.47 (0.78 - 2.79)

Epidural analgesia

149 (99.3)

0.551

Internal catheter

35 (23.3)

0.860

1.42 (0.74 - 2.72)

Positive GBS

25 (16.9)

0.902

0.95 (0.41 - 2.19)

Fetal tachycardia

72 (48)

0.895

0.96 (0.51 - 1.79)

Vaginal examination > 7

59 (39.9)

0.245

0.69 (0.37 - 1.29)

Fever to delivery duration > 6 h

27 (18.1)

0.011

6.11 (1.35 - 27.62)

**Table 3.** Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Maternal Infectious Intrapartum Fever
	Infectious intrapartum fever (n = 150), n (%)	P value	OR (95% CI)
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit.
Normal delivery	60 (40)	0.594	0.84 (0.44 - 1.61)
Cesarean delivery	40 (26.7)	0.622	0.84 (0.42 - 1.68)
pH < 7	1 (0.7)	0.567
Apgar first minute < 4	3 (2)	0.955	1.07 (0.11 - 10.5)
Apgar fifth minute < 7	4 (2.7)	0.748	1.43 (0.16 - 13.13)
Fetal fever	7 (4.7)	0.805	1.22 (0.25 - 6.08)
NICU admission	5 (3.4)	0.610	1.75 (0.2 - 15.33)

Table 3. Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Maternal Infectious Intrapartum Fever

Infectious intrapartum fever (n = 150), n (%)

P value

OR (95% CI)

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit.

Normal delivery

60 (40)

0.594

0.84 (0.44 - 1.61)

Cesarean delivery

40 (26.7)

0.622

0.84 (0.42 - 1.68)

pH < 7

1 (0.7)

0.567

Apgar first minute < 4

3 (2)

0.955

1.07 (0.11 - 10.5)

Apgar fifth minute < 7

4 (2.7)

0.748

1.43 (0.16 - 13.13)

Fetal fever

7 (4.7)

0.805

1.22 (0.25 - 6.08)

NICU admission

5 (3.4)

0.610

1.75 (0.2 - 15.33)