J Clin Gynecol Obstet

Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics, ISSN 1927-1271 print, 1927-128X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Gynecol Obstet and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jcgo.org

Original Article

Volume 11, Number 3, September 2022, pages 62-68

Virtual Prenatal Care During a Pandemic: How Satisfying Is It to the Caregivers and the Patients?

**Table 1.** Demographics of the Participants
Demographics	N (%)
Ethnicity
Black	5 (9.4)
Caucasian	26 (49.1)
East Asian	9 (17)
South Asian	6 (11.3)
Hispanic/Latino	2 (3.8)
Mediterranean	2 (3.8)
Others	4
First pregnancy with prenatal care provider	36 (67.9)
Work from home/stay at home	22
Working outside/essential job	27 (50.9)
Partnered/married	50 (94.3)
Previous loss
Miscarriage/early pregnancy loss	15 (28.3)
Stillbirth	2 (3.8)
Mean age	32.7
Travel distance > 20 km	9 (16.9)

Table 1. Demographics of the Participants

Demographics

N (%)

Ethnicity

Black

5 (9.4)

Caucasian

26 (49.1)

East Asian

9 (17)

South Asian

6 (11.3)

Hispanic/Latino

2 (3.8)

Mediterranean

2 (3.8)

Others

First pregnancy with prenatal care provider

36 (67.9)

Work from home/stay at home

Working outside/essential job

27 (50.9)

Partnered/married

50 (94.3)

Previous loss

Miscarriage/early pregnancy loss

15 (28.3)

Stillbirth

2 (3.8)

Mean age

32.7

Travel distance > 20 km

9 (16.9)

**Table 2.** Mean Likert Scores of Survey Questions and Domains
Domain question	Mean scores	Mean estimated difference	95% confidence interval	P value
*P < 0.05.
Scheduling
Ease of scheduling your visits	4.60	4.38	0.212	0.034 - 0.389	0.020*
Frequency with which visits started on time	4.02	3.88	0.135	-0.393 - 0.393	0.301
Convenience of visit times and dates	4.19	4.37	0.173	-0.362 - 0.016	0.071
Provider
How well the provider explained her role in your care	4.66	4.62	0.040	-0.132 - 0.212	0.642
Friendliness/courtesy of provider	4.88	4.76	0.118	0.026 - 0.209	0.013*
Explanations about procedures occurring during your visits	4.52	—
Explanations about how to use the doppler and blood pressure cuff	—	3.91
Degree to which the provider took time to listen to you	4.69	4.57	0.118	-0.038 - 0.273	0.135
Provider’s concern for your questions and worries	4.65	4.63	0.20	-0.134 - 0.174	0.799
Personal
Concern for your privacy	4.67	4.73	-0.58	-0.174 - 0.158	0.322
Sensitivity to your needs	4.62	4.63	-0.19	-0.160 - 0.121	0.785
Response to concerns made during visits	4.67	4.60	0.77	-0.078 - 0.231	0.322
Ease of accessing virtual visit provider/obstetrician	4.17	4.21	-0.42	-0.240 - 0.157	0.674
Technology
Ease of connecting to virtual visits	—	4.68
Quality of connection during virtual visits	—	4.64
Ease of using blood pressure monitor	—	4.26
General
Overall rating of care received traditional/virtual prenatal care	4.73	4.47	0.255	0.061 - 0.448	0.011*
Satisfaction with traditional/virtual visits	4.67	4.24	0.431	0.198 - 0.665	0.001*
Likelihood of recommending traditional/virtual visits	4.64	3.92	0.720	0.375 - 1.065	0.000*
Likelihood of continuing care at St. Michael’s Hospital	4.69	4.53	0.157	0.015 - 0.299	0.001*

Table 2. Mean Likert Scores of Survey Questions and Domains

Domain question

Mean scores

Mean estimated difference

95% confidence interval

P value

Traditional visit

Virtual visit

*P < 0.05.

Scheduling

Ease of scheduling your visits

4.60

4.38

0.212

0.034 - 0.389

0.020*

Frequency with which visits started on time

4.02

3.88

0.135

-0.393 - 0.393

0.301

Convenience of visit times and dates

4.19

4.37

0.173

-0.362 - 0.016

0.071

Provider

How well the provider explained her role in your care

4.66

4.62

0.040

-0.132 - 0.212

0.642

Friendliness/courtesy of provider

4.88

4.76

0.118

0.026 - 0.209

0.013*

Explanations about procedures occurring during your visits

4.52

—

Explanations about how to use the doppler and blood pressure cuff

—

3.91

Degree to which the provider took time to listen to you

4.69

4.57

0.118

-0.038 - 0.273

0.135

Provider’s concern for your questions and worries

4.65

4.63

0.20

-0.134 - 0.174

0.799

Personal

Concern for your privacy

4.67

4.73

-0.58

-0.174 - 0.158

0.322

Sensitivity to your needs

4.62

4.63

-0.19

-0.160 - 0.121

0.785

Response to concerns made during visits

4.67

4.60

0.77

-0.078 - 0.231

0.322

Ease of accessing virtual visit provider/obstetrician

4.17

4.21

-0.42

-0.240 - 0.157

0.674

Technology

Ease of connecting to virtual visits

—

4.68

Quality of connection during virtual visits

—

4.64

Ease of using blood pressure monitor

—

4.26

General

Overall rating of care received traditional/virtual prenatal care

4.73

4.47

0.255

0.061 - 0.448

0.011*

Satisfaction with traditional/virtual visits

4.67

4.24

0.431

0.198 - 0.665

0.001*

Likelihood of recommending traditional/virtual visits

4.64

3.92

0.720

0.375 - 1.065

0.000*

Likelihood of continuing care at St. Michael’s Hospital

4.69

4.53

0.157

0.015 - 0.299

0.001*

**Table 3.** Overall Domain Scores
Domain score	Traditional visits	Virtual visits	Mean estimated difference	95% confidence interval	P value
*P < 0.05.
Scheduling	4.26	4.21	0.057	-0.08 - 1.97	0.41
Provider	4.72	4.64	0.075	-0.03 - 0.18	0.175
Personal	4.52	4.52	-0.01	-0.12 - 1.05	0.85
Overall satisfaction	4.66	4.31	0.357	0.17 - 0.53	0.00*
Total mean satisfaction scores
Without technology domain	4.56	4.43	0.129	0.018 - 0.239	0.023
With technology domain	4.56	4.45	0.105	-0.004 - 0.216	0.060*

Table 3. Overall Domain Scores

Domain score

Traditional visits

Virtual visits

Mean estimated difference

95% confidence interval

P value

*P < 0.05.

Scheduling

4.26

4.21

0.057

-0.08 - 1.97

0.41

Provider

4.72

4.64

0.075

-0.03 - 0.18

0.175

Personal

4.52

-0.01

-0.12 - 1.05

0.85

Overall satisfaction

4.66

4.31

0.357

0.17 - 0.53

0.00*

Total mean satisfaction scores

Without technology domain

4.56

4.43

0.129

0.018 - 0.239

0.023

With technology domain

4.56

4.45

0.105

-0.004 - 0.216

0.060*

**Table 4.** Individual Domain and Total Scores of Physicians
Domain questions	Physicians (n = 15) responses	Mean scores (maximum 20)
PEOU: perceived ease of use; PU: perceived usefulness; BI: behavioural intention; ATU: actual telemedicine utilization; SE: user satisfaction.
PEOU	14	13.0 (5 - 20)
PU	14	12.7 (10 - 15)
ATU	14	13.2 (5 - 20)
BI	14	12.8 (5 - 19)
SE	14	13.6 (9 - 20)
Total	14	65.5 (34 - 89)

Table 4. Individual Domain and Total Scores of Physicians

Domain questions

Physicians (n = 15) responses

Mean scores (maximum 20)

PEOU: perceived ease of use; PU: perceived usefulness; BI: behavioural intention; ATU: actual telemedicine utilization; SE: user satisfaction.

PEOU

13.0 (5 - 20)

12.7 (10 - 15)

ATU

13.2 (5 - 20)

12.8 (5 - 19)

13.6 (9 - 20)

Total

65.5 (34 - 89)

**Table 5.** Mean Difference in Total Scores According to Physician Characteristics
Demographic of physicians	Comparison	Mean difference in scores	P value
Age	< 50 vs. ≥ 50	10.8	0.12
Telemedicine use	Seldom and rare use vs. often and very often use	-11.2	0.117
Prior telehealth experience	Physicians with prior tele health experience vs. no prior telehealth experience	5.7	0.40
Gender	Male vs. female	7.3	0.43

Table 5. Mean Difference in Total Scores According to Physician Characteristics

Demographic of physicians

Comparison

Mean difference in scores

P value

Age

< 50 vs. ≥ 50

10.8

0.12

Telemedicine use

Seldom and rare use vs. often and very often use

-11.2

0.117

Prior telehealth experience

Physicians with prior tele health experience vs. no prior telehealth experience

5.7

0.40

Gender

Male vs. female

7.3

0.43

**Table 6.** Correlations Among Domains, Correlation Coefficient (r) and P value (P)
	PU	ATU	BI	SE
PEOU: perceived ease of use; PU: perceived usefulness; BI: behavioural intention; ATU: actual telemedicine utilization; SE: user satisfaction.
PEOU	r = 0.26 P = 0.43	r = 0.34, P = 0.30	r = 0.52, P = 0.09	r = 0.48, P = 0.13
PU		r = -0.22, P = 0.52	r = -0.5, P = 0.117	r = 0.33, P = 0.31
ATU			r = 0.33, P = 0.31	r = 0.28, P = 0.39
BI				r = -0.17, P = 0.61
SE

Table 6. Correlations Among Domains, Correlation Coefficient (r) and P value (P)

PEOU

ATU

PEOU: perceived ease of use; PU: perceived usefulness; BI: behavioural intention; ATU: actual telemedicine utilization; SE: user satisfaction.

PEOU

r = 0.26 P = 0.43

r = 0.34, P = 0.30

r = 0.52, P = 0.09

r = 0.48, P = 0.13

r = -0.22, P = 0.52

r = -0.5, P = 0.117

r = 0.33, P = 0.31

ATU

r = 0.33, P = 0.31

r = 0.28, P = 0.39

r = -0.17, P = 0.61