J Clin Gynecol Obstet

Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics, ISSN 1927-1271 print, 1927-128X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Gynecol Obstet and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jcgo.org

Original Article

Volume 12, Number 3, December 2023, pages 78-83

Transabdominal Ultrasound-Guided Tube Drainage of Pelvic Collection Following Obstetrics and Gynecological Surgery: Is It Safe and Effective?

**Table 1.** The Patients’ Data, Ultrasound Echogenicity, Admission Data, and Laboratory Investigation
	Results
SD: standard deviation; Min: minimum; Max: maximum; Hb: hemoglobin; US: ultrasound; WBC: white blood cells; PLT: platelet.
Age (years), mean ± SD (Min - Max)	33.36 ± 8.35 (21 - 56)
< 30, n (%)	20 (38.46%)
≥ 30, n (%)	32 (61.53%)
Previous cesarean section (CS)
No CS, n (%)	13 (25)
1 - 3 CS, n (%)	31 (59.6)
> 3 CS, n (%)	8 (15.4)
Previous ectopic pregnancy, n (%)	3 (5.8)
Comorbidities, n (%)	12 (23.1)
Type of operation
CS, n (%)	28 (54)
Laparotomy, n (%)	16 (31)
Laparoscopy, n (%)	7 (13)
Ovum pickup, n (%)	1 (2)
Onset after operation: mean ± SD (Min - Max)	11.2 ± 6.8 (2 - 27)
Echogenicity of US
Homogenous, n (%)	18 (35%)
Heterogonous, n (%)	34 (65%)
Number of locules
Unilocular, n (%)	40 (77%)
Multilocular, n (%)	12 (23%)
Size of mass by US (mm²), mean ± SD (Min - Max)	70.71 ± 59.9 (18 - 360)
Nature of aspirated fluid
Serous fluid, n (%)	4 (8%)
Pus, n (%)	41 (79%)
Hemorrhagic tinged with pus, n (%)	7 (13%)
Culture
No bacterial growth, n (%)	4 (8%)
Gram- bacilli, n (%)	38 (73%)
Gram+ cocci, n (%)	10 (19%)
Duration before admission after onset, mean ± SD (Min - Max)	3.6 ± 2.2 (0 - 13)
Time of hospital admission after operation, mean ± SD (Min - Max)	14.6 ± 7.3 (4 - 30)
Time of intervention after diagnosis, mean ± SD (Min - Max)	4.1 ± 2.4 (1 - 10)
Laboratory investigations
Hb (g/dL), mean ± SD (Min - Max)	9.26 ± 1.08 (6.70 - 12.10)
WBCs (× 10³/mm³), mean ± SD (Min - Max)	10.24 ± 2.87 (5.00 - 20.40)
PLTs (× 10³/mm³), mean ± SD (Min - Max)	301.29 ± 138.55 (119.00 - 744.00)

Table 1. The Patients’ Data, Ultrasound Echogenicity, Admission Data, and Laboratory Investigation

Results

SD: standard deviation; Min: minimum; Max: maximum; Hb: hemoglobin; US: ultrasound; WBC: white blood cells; PLT: platelet.

Age (years), mean ± SD (Min - Max)

33.36 ± 8.35 (21 - 56)

< 30, n (%)

20 (38.46%)

≥ 30, n (%)

32 (61.53%)

Previous cesarean section (CS)

No CS, n (%)

13 (25)

1 - 3 CS, n (%)

31 (59.6)

> 3 CS, n (%)

8 (15.4)

Previous ectopic pregnancy, n (%)

3 (5.8)

Comorbidities, n (%)

12 (23.1)

Type of operation

CS, n (%)

28 (54)

Laparotomy, n (%)

16 (31)

Laparoscopy, n (%)

7 (13)

Ovum pickup, n (%)

1 (2)

Onset after operation: mean ± SD (Min - Max)

11.2 ± 6.8 (2 - 27)

Echogenicity of US

Homogenous, n (%)

18 (35%)

Heterogonous, n (%)

34 (65%)

Number of locules

Unilocular, n (%)

40 (77%)

Multilocular, n (%)

12 (23%)

Size of mass by US (mm²), mean ± SD (Min - Max)

70.71 ± 59.9 (18 - 360)

Nature of aspirated fluid

Serous fluid, n (%)

4 (8%)

Pus, n (%)

41 (79%)

Hemorrhagic tinged with pus, n (%)

7 (13%)

Culture

No bacterial growth, n (%)

4 (8%)

Gram- bacilli, n (%)

38 (73%)

Gram+ cocci, n (%)

10 (19%)

Duration before admission after onset, mean ± SD (Min - Max)

3.6 ± 2.2 (0 - 13)

Time of hospital admission after operation, mean ± SD (Min - Max)

14.6 ± 7.3 (4 - 30)

Time of intervention after diagnosis, mean ± SD (Min - Max)

4.1 ± 2.4 (1 - 10)

Laboratory investigations

Hb (g/dL), mean ± SD (Min - Max)

9.26 ± 1.08 (6.70 - 12.10)

WBCs (× 10³/mm³), mean ± SD (Min - Max)

10.24 ± 2.87 (5.00 - 20.40)

PLTs (× 10³/mm³), mean ± SD (Min - Max)

301.29 ± 138.55 (119.00 - 744.00)

**Table 2.** The Association Between Patients’ Data and Outcome
Demographic and obstetric data	Outcome	P value
*P < 0.05. SD: standard deviation; US: ultrasound.
Age (years)
< 30, n = 20	19 (95.0%)	1 (5.0%)	0.387
≥ 30, n = 32	27 (84.4%)	5 (84.4%)
Cesarean section (CS)
No CS, n = 13	12 (92.3%)	1 (7.7%)	0.564
1 - 3 CS, n = 31	28 (90.3%)	3 (9.7%)
> 3 CS, n = 8	6 (75.0%)	2 (25.0%)
Ectopic pregnancy
Yes, n = 49	44 (89.8%)	5 (10.2%)	0.313
No, n = 3	2 (66.7%)	1 (33.3%)
Comorbidities
Yes, n = 12	8 (66.7%)	4 (33.3%)	0.021*
No, n = 40	38 (95.0%)	2 (5.0%)
Type of operation
CS, n = 28	26 (92.9%)	2 (7.1%)
Laparotomy, n = 16	12 (75.0%)	4 (25.0%)	0.216
Laparoscopy, n = 7	7 (100%)	0 (0%)
Embryo ovum pickup, n = 1	1 (100%)	0 (0%)
Echogenicity of US
Homogenous, n = 18	15 (83.3%)	3 (16.7%)
Heterogonous, n = 34	31 (91.2%)	3 (8.8%)	0.651
Number of locules
Unilocular, n = 40	35 (87.5%)	5 (12.5%)
Multilocular, n = 12	11 (91.6%)	1 (8.3%)	1
Size of mass by US (mm²), mean ± SD	70.65 ± 63.62	71.17 ± 15.94	0.984
Nature of aspirated fluid
Serous fluid	3 (75.0%)	1 (25.0%)
Pus	36 (87.8%)	5 (12.2%)
Hemorrhagic tinged with pus	7 (100%)	0 (0%)	0.586
Culture
No bacterial growth	3 (75.0%)	1 (25.0%)
Gram- bacilli	9 (90.0%)	1 (10.0%)
Gram+ cocci	34 (89.5%)	4 (10.5%)	0.751

Table 2. The Association Between Patients’ Data and Outcome

Demographic and obstetric data

Outcome

P value

Resolved (n = 46)

Failed (n = 6)

*P < 0.05. SD: standard deviation; US: ultrasound.

Age (years)

< 30, n = 20

19 (95.0%)

1 (5.0%)

0.387

≥ 30, n = 32

27 (84.4%)

5 (84.4%)

Cesarean section (CS)

No CS, n = 13

12 (92.3%)

1 (7.7%)

0.564

1 - 3 CS, n = 31

28 (90.3%)

3 (9.7%)

> 3 CS, n = 8

6 (75.0%)

2 (25.0%)

Ectopic pregnancy

Yes, n = 49

44 (89.8%)

5 (10.2%)

0.313

No, n = 3

2 (66.7%)

1 (33.3%)

Comorbidities

Yes, n = 12

8 (66.7%)

4 (33.3%)

0.021*

No, n = 40

38 (95.0%)

2 (5.0%)

Type of operation

CS, n = 28

26 (92.9%)

2 (7.1%)

Laparotomy, n = 16

12 (75.0%)

4 (25.0%)

0.216

Laparoscopy, n = 7

7 (100%)

0 (0%)

Embryo ovum pickup, n = 1

1 (100%)

0 (0%)

Echogenicity of US

Homogenous, n = 18

15 (83.3%)

3 (16.7%)

Heterogonous, n = 34

31 (91.2%)

3 (8.8%)

0.651

Number of locules

Unilocular, n = 40

35 (87.5%)

5 (12.5%)

Multilocular, n = 12

11 (91.6%)

1 (8.3%)

Size of mass by US (mm²), mean ± SD

70.65 ± 63.62

71.17 ± 15.94

0.984

Nature of aspirated fluid

Serous fluid

3 (75.0%)

1 (25.0%)

Pus

36 (87.8%)

5 (12.2%)

Hemorrhagic tinged with pus

7 (100%)

0 (0%)

0.586

Culture

No bacterial growth

3 (75.0%)

1 (25.0%)

Gram- bacilli

9 (90.0%)

1 (10.0%)

Gram+ cocci

34 (89.5%)

4 (10.5%)

0.751

**Table 3.** The Association Between Admission Data, Investigation, and Outcome
Variables	Outcome	Test of significance	P value
*P ≤ 0.05. Hb: hemoglobin; WBC: white blood cells; PLT: platelet.
Onset after operation	10.63 ± 6.71	15.83 ± 6.3	t = 1.79	0.078
Duration before admission after onset	3.63 ± 2.32	3.67 ± 1.03	t = 0.037	0.970
Time of hospital admission after operation	14.00 ± 7.16	19.0 ± 7.53	t = 1.60	0.116
Time of intervention after diagnosis	4.04 ± 2.41	4.17 ± 2.31	t = 0.118	0.906
Duration of hospital stay	7.39 ± 1.79	16.50 ± 2.13	t = 3.02	0.004*
Hb (g/dL)	9.33 ± 0.95	8.78 ± 1.85	t = 1.168	0.248
WBCs (× 10³/mm³)	9.97 ± 2.89	12.37 ± 1.65	t = 1.976	0.05*
PLTs (× 10³/mm³)	284.9 ± 128.9	409.0 ± 199.7	t = 2.077	0.043*

Table 3. The Association Between Admission Data, Investigation, and Outcome

Variables

Outcome

Test of significance

P value

Resolved (n = 46)

Failed (n = 6)

*P ≤ 0.05. Hb: hemoglobin; WBC: white blood cells; PLT: platelet.

Onset after operation

10.63 ± 6.71

15.83 ± 6.3

t = 1.79

0.078

Duration before admission after onset

3.63 ± 2.32

3.67 ± 1.03

t = 0.037

0.970

Time of hospital admission after operation

14.00 ± 7.16

19.0 ± 7.53

t = 1.60

0.116

Time of intervention after diagnosis

4.04 ± 2.41

4.17 ± 2.31

t = 0.118

0.906

Duration of hospital stay

7.39 ± 1.79

16.50 ± 2.13

t = 3.02

0.004*

Hb (g/dL)

9.33 ± 0.95

8.78 ± 1.85

t = 1.168

0.248

WBCs (× 10³/mm³)

9.97 ± 2.89

12.37 ± 1.65

t = 1.976

0.05*

PLTs (× 10³/mm³)

284.9 ± 128.9

409.0 ± 199.7

t = 2.077

0.043*